function Person (name, age) {
  this.type = 'human'
  this.name = name
  this.age = age
}

function Student (name, age) {
  // 借用构造函数继承属性成员
  Person.call(this, name, age)
}

var s1 = Student('张三', 18)
console.log(s1.type, s1.name, s1.age) // => human 张三 18

构造函数的原型方法继承：拷贝继承

function Person (name, age) {
  this.type = 'human'
  this.name = name
  this.age = age
}

Person.prototype.sayName = function () {
  console.log('hello ' + this.name)
}

function Student (name, age) {
  Person.call(this, name, age)
}

// 原型对象拷贝继承原型对象成员
for(var key in Person.prototype) {
  Student.prototype[key] = Person.prototype[key]
}

var s1 = Student('张三', 18)

s1.sayName() // => hello 张三

另一种继承方式：原型继承

function Person (name, age) {
  this.type = 'human'
  this.name = name
  this.age = age
}

Person.prototype.sayName = function () {
  console.log('hello ' + this.name)
}

function Student (name, age) {
  Person.call(this, name, age)
}

// 利用原型的特性实现继承
Student.prototype = new Person()

var s1 = Student('张三', 18)

console.log(s1.type) // => human

s1.sayName() // => hello 张三